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Coordinate Geometry
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Cartesian Coordinate
$$(x,y)$$
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Gradient
$$m=\dfrac{y_1-y_2}{x_1-x_2}$$
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Equation
$$y-y_1=m(x-x_1)$$
$$y=mx+c$$
Vertical line: $x=a$
Horizontal line: $y=b$
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Length
$$\text{Length } = \sqrt{(x_2 - x_1)^2 + (y_2 - y_1)^2}$$